Many call the ‘right to buy’ scheme a well-intentioned disaster. Others are less generous. However you view the venture (or madcap adventure, if you like), a Government owning less houses will inevitably lead to problems if demand for social housing increases.
I am attending a discussion event later today (Facebook link) that will focus on this very problem of housing shortages with the attention being strictly on London but, in truth, the event could be held in any town or city the length and breadth of the UK and still be relevant. I suspect the overriding message will be, do all you can to make sure you are not left vulnerable in the coming years and dependent on the state as there will be fewer and fewer guarantees that it will be there for you. It can be easy to coast along with life thinking you are safe but a job can be lost in an instant, rent demands can then soon go unpaid and suddenly that cosy life you had built for yourself can be all to precarious. Homelessness and the need for Social Housing is less of an ‘us and them’ situation that many of us, myself certainly included, give it credit for.
At the core of this issue is surely the structure that we have in place for financing homes. Housing Associations lend from banks, use that money to finance properties and their maintenance and then write the value of those properties down over a certain lifetime. One problem with this situation is that the Housing Associations do not accurately recognise the value of the properties that they hold at the end of a given asset’s lifetime.
Another problem with banks lending money to Housing Associations to maintain housing stock is that banks have a duty to their shareholders to maximise value, Housing Associations have a duty to provide accommodation for as many of those in their catchment area that require it. There is a conflict of interest there and that conflict can only ever come to a head and realistically only with one winner – the banks.
We may currently have a social housing crisis but this is with Housing Associations enjoying loans that are way below commercial terms, lent out by banks during the boom years when they couldn’t get enough customers onto their books quickly enough. It remains to be seen whether, when these loans need to be refinanced, the banks decide to maintain the generous rates or pull the margins up to commercial levels, devastating the current model for funding council homes and creating massive funding gaps and exacerbated housing shortages in local areas all across the country.
If this does turn out to be the case, then in a decade or two, you don’t want to run the risk of being a person with nowhere to go and no-one to turn to. However, with communities and families being broken up due to incessant travel and increased marital breakdown, with the coalition’s faster than necessary cutting of public spending and a deep uncertainty over what impact global warming will have on peaceful trade into the future, the number of displaced, distressed peoples going forward can surely only increase. A solution is required.
One potential solution is a 20-30 year churn of existing housing stock on a rolling basis. I don’t know to what extent this already happens but a Government owning homes outright, recording the assets on an ongoing basis at market value (in accordance with up-to-date International Accounting Standards) rather than depreciating down to zero, selling the properties into the private market and then using the proceeds to build newer, cheaper properties to ensure housing stocks are always maintained. It’s a bit like how the fishing industry should work really, making sure that stocks are always replenished.
Private involvement in the financing of housing stock may well be unsustainable unless banks appreciate that they have a shared duty – to shareholders and to communities in which they operate. Leveraging private markets to maximise the value of public sector assets is something quite different and, from my rather distant perspective, this is where Governments are missing a trick.
Maybe I am biased and perhaps this is a bit crass, but I can’t help but think that a left-leaning Scottish Government with some Ministers representing the poorer side of Scotland will be better prepared and better briefed for tackling this problem than the millionaire’s club that is the UK coalition. Certainly the SNP’s main priority appears to be the commendable building of an extra 5,000 council homes this parliamentary term with housing given a £16m increase in 2011-12, while the coalition’s priority appears to be getting people out of council homes. The UK Government, to be fair, is committed to building an extra 150,000 council homes this Parliament but that is after halving the budget from £8.4bn to £4.5bn (from 2011 to 2014) so how that will work remains to be seen. At least the Scottish Government’s is putting its spending where its mouth it. (Note – That 5,000 extra doesn’t sound like a golden bullet solution but it is welcome nonetheless)
All that said, the Scottish Federation of Housing Associations was “disappointed†at the SNP manifesto’s offering to Social Housing and is specifically concerned at the lack of “commitments from the SNP to deal with the huge drop in new build by associations, due to a cut in government fundingâ€. The SFHA also called for “a commitment (to) reverse the changes in funding for housing adaptations, which were changed recently with no consultation with the sectorâ€. How this body lobbies and regards the SNP Government will be key in the years to come.
It is interesting that in London, skyscraper developments outside of the city centre can be viewed as luxurious (and priced accordingly) while, in Glasgow, not dissimilar buildings are viewed as tantamount to the slums and get marked for demolition. The red road flats are (were?) 2.5 miles from the City Centre but their potential was sadly never realised. Perhaps creative thinking rather than always starting from scratch and simply building upon building is also required. It is certainly a problem that should transcend one party being wrong and another one being right, a philosophy that will hopefully prove to be the case over the next four or five years both down here in London and up north in Scotland. I hesitate to roll out the t-word but a tram line from Balornock/Barmulloch into the City Centre and/or tax incentives for businesses setting up locally could boost the prestige of the area and could arguably negate the need to knock down homes when accommodation is at a premium. Who knows, but knocking down when we can’t afford to build up just doesn’t seem right.
In the meantime, I guess keeping eyes and ears out for those in need, knowing what local charities exist and require support etc, is the best way to assist what is an ever-growing problem for whichever town, city or nation you happen to live in. Here’s hoping for a constructive debate tomorrow.
#1 by Indy on June 16, 2011 - 9:07 am
Have you had a look at the Housing Fund of Finland? It may be that in the post-crash economic situation this is no longer a viable option but it seems to have been very successful for them.
The other issue is the relationship between the housing stock available and the allocations policy. That’s why Ed Milliband’s comments about giving people in work priority are problematic. If you only have a limited stock you really have to make allocations policy primarily needs-based. It is only be expanding the stock that more working people can have the option of council or housing association housing. And that’s entirely down to right to buy.
#2 by Jeff on June 16, 2011 - 9:41 am
“Have you had a look at the Housing Fund of Finland?”
Can’t say I have Indy but I’m a great fan of the idea of Cameron/Salmond cherrypicking the best of ideas from Europe. Will read up on it before this evening.
And I didn’t properly hear or read about Ed MIliband’s comments so as much as I wanted to reference them, it didn’t seem fair. That said, I totally agree with what you’re saying in the above. Resenting and disadvantaging people for being long term unemployed is a very worrying road to be going down.
#3 by Alec Macph on June 16, 2011 - 10:48 am
The loss of housing stock is not so much down to the concept of right to buy as it is in successive administrations not to replenish the stock. An family living in one property for years and decades, as children come and children go, or swapping with another [existing] property is still going to leave other applicants without unless more is built.
~alec
#4 by Indy on June 16, 2011 - 11:16 am
It is down to right to buy in the sense that the housing stock which was lost under right to buy was never replaced. And most of the “good” stock was sold off, mainly at a huge discount, while access to the remaining stock became increasingly based on need. So it has been a vicious circle where the original purpose of council housing – to provide decent affordable housing for working class people – was lost.
#5 by Jeff on June 16, 2011 - 11:34 am
Yes, I agree with Indy (not that you are both necessarily in disagreement).
The main problem, for me, comes back to accounting where Housing Associations depreciate the value of these homes down to zero, not ‘appreciating’ (pun intended) the market value of the assets that they hold and therefore not realising their full potential.
Right to buy may well alleviate the demand in line with the supply but, as Indy points out, if you hive off all your good stock, you are left in a less flexible position and, in percentage terms, a more difficult housing shortage to contend with.
And Alec, I would also say that it’s not just replenishing stocks (through building) that’s the answer but also utilising the many empty homes and buildings that exist across the UK.
#6 by Alec Macph on June 16, 2011 - 12:16 pm
>> And most of the “good†stock was sold off, […]
And why not? The tenants had been paying rent for years or decades as well as taxes to the local authorities, not to mention keeping the properties presentable.
Large scale social housing of this type had been in operation for only a couple of generations, anyway. Not long enough to extrapolate a golden age, and certainly short enough to raise questions as to why the state couldn’t repeat the process.
>> […] mainly at a huge discount, […]
Had it been a small discount, would you have approved?
>> […] while access to the remaining stock became increasingly based on need.
Again, a fault with the official response.
~alec
#7 by Indy on June 16, 2011 - 2:16 pm
The tenants had been paying rent for the rent of their house. It was not a mortgage. And councils did not keep the receipts from right to buy.
That is why council house building ground to a complete halt.
Why on earth would councils invest in building new houses when they could then be sold to tenants at a massive discount – and councils didn’t even get that share of the money back?
Under those circumstances council house-building was always going to grind to a halt. It is only by scrapping right to buy that council house building has been re-started in Scotland.
#8 by Alec Macph on June 16, 2011 - 2:50 pm
And using brillo pads and urine to clean your teeth is not good dental care. What of it?
Once again, this points to a problem with the response… not the concept.
Oh, I don’t know, apply different criteria regarding newly-built properties. Permit lesser discounts. The list is endless.
Then grant them a share of the money.
~alec
~alec
#9 by Alec Macph on June 16, 2011 - 12:24 pm
>> And Alec, I would also say that it’s not just replenishing stocks (through building) that’s the answer but also utilising the many empty homes and buildings that exist across the UK.
Yes, that’s a fair point, but again it’s nowt to do with properties going into private ownership. Why did central government and local authorities not channel profits into that?
You’ll know that rent prices have shot-up in the SE over the past decade. How is this connected to RtB? A better argument could be the Buy-to-Let mortgages which have turned landlords of multiple properties into a noveau aristrocracy able to demand high rents, which Government housing benefit is expected to subsidize.
~alec
#10 by CassiusClaymore on June 16, 2011 - 4:11 pm
There would be a lot more stock available if:-
1. Councils more efficiently prevented the illegal subletting of council tenancies for private profit – this is widespread. A rigorous inspection programme would eliminate this.
2. Anyone who can afford to pay a market rent ceased to be entitled to a publicly subsidised home.
CC
#11 by Alec Macph on June 16, 2011 - 4:49 pm
Genuine question, how widespread is this?
Then again, there was that incident in Wester Hailes in which a unmarried couple managed to wrangle flats one above the above, so installed a winding staircase connecting the two. Oh, what love and devotion.
Then they were rumbled, and evicted.
~alec
#12 by Indy on June 16, 2011 - 4:50 pm
The thing is CC that point 2 was the driving force behind right to buy. The market would provide.
That’s worked, hasn’t it?
#13 by douglas clark on June 16, 2011 - 4:58 pm
Cassius Claymore,
Whilst it might be illegal it is hardly going to make much of a difference to supply and demand is it?
#14 by aonghas on June 17, 2011 - 4:55 pm
Depends what supply you’re talking about. If it’s ‘council houses for people who can’t afford market rents’ then it does deprive people genuinely in need and therefore reduces supply.
It’s a crime, in the same way as Bob Crow being on £240K and living in a council house is a crime, and both situations reduce supply.
#15 by CassiusClaymore on June 16, 2011 - 5:27 pm
#12 – Indy – the market does provide for people who want to rent at market rates – self evidently so. My point is that taxpayer-subsidised housing should not be available to those who don’t need the subsidy. Surely that’s not controversial?
#13 – Douglas – yes it would, because those currently renting from council tenants are not necessarily people who would qualify for council tenancies themselves. If they were, they would be paying (lower) council rents rather than the rents charged by the council tenant (whose illicit and untaxed profit we are effectively subsidising). If those people are no longer occupying the housing, then it will be available for those who need it.
CC
#16 by Indy on June 16, 2011 - 6:05 pm
No the market does not meet our nation’s housing needs and has not done so for many many years.
#17 by CassiusClaymore on June 16, 2011 - 5:38 pm
Interesting piece here – couldn’t find anything about Scotland specifically, but hard to imagine the situation isn’t similar.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13231419
I reckon a small investment in detection would pay for itself very quickly and make more homes available for those who deserve them.
CC
#18 by Jeff on June 16, 2011 - 5:42 pm
I agree CC. A sudden deep dive (to use some regrettable business jargon) would be worth a go.
None of this initial warnings, second warnings, final warnings business. Just start knocking doors…
#19 by Indy on June 16, 2011 - 6:07 pm
Be interesting to see if you could find any example of this happening in Scotland.
Whereas if you want to look at just one of the myriad problems associated wuth the private rented sector just google “Govanhill”.
#20 by Indy on June 16, 2011 - 7:38 pm
I am quite surprised that none of you have mentioned that the right to buy has been abolished for new tenants & new supply stock in Scotland.
#21 by Jeff on June 16, 2011 - 11:43 pm
Well, I kind of did in my opening line when I referred to it in the past tense