As comforting as the word may be to a vulnerable little citizen like myself, I’ve always found ‘Defence’ to be the wrong choice of word when it comes to military spending. A shield or a bunker is a good form of defence but bombs, guns and warships are attack equipment, surely. Either way, the slice of spending that goes towards the military and MoD is surely the most primal of our country’s budgets and, unfortunately, one of the most expensive.
Attack may well be the best form of defence but it seems at the moment that Defence is the best form of cost-cutting diplomacy. The UK entering into a defence treaty with France this week is very welcome news. ‘Cheaper together, more expensive apart’ could sum up the philosophy behind the arrangement as the economies of scale that can be achieved through two similarly sized nations pooling resources and expertise could be considerable. I don’t know whose idea it is and I don’t know how much money will be saved but one can’t fault the coalition or David Cameron on this venture.
So why stop there? Why not bring Germany in, and Italy? That’s a diverse range of WW2 players all under the one umbrella which must make the continent, and indeed the world, an even safer place than it already is.
And why not go even further, why not just have one single European Army? Think of the money that could be saved and the security that would bring. How could Slovenia wage war on Denmark if they both share the same armed forces? A blurring of combat units away from national borders and towards UN, NATO and EU distinctions would surely make for a more integrated, harmonious planet.
Of course, the Tory right who cheered Cameron’s Treaty would balk at the distinctly pro-Europe prospect of a single Armed Force, even if there was a veto on where a country’s soldiers could be sent to fight. A convergent military across Europe would no doubt count as a red line for the current Government but a thin one that could perhaps be broken through if the argument was strong enough. After all, I don’t see why a single European Army isn’t just a simple continuation of the logic that brought Cameron and Sarkozy together.
In a strictly UK context it makes perfect sense too. A Scandinavian super-state was ruled out a couple of decades ago primarily because Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Finland had inconsistent views on NATO and the EU and defensive views were generally just too disparate to reconcile. (Not to mention Norway not wanting to share its lucrative oil revenues, but we’ll leave any such analogies with the UK out of things) Nuclear weapons to one side, it has not been particularly difficult for Scots, Welsh, English and Northern Irish to see Defence in the same way so there should be a capital of British confidence there, available to be spent on building up a bigger base, pooling costs and strengthening ties with allies.
There are of course political considerations involved. The unapologetically pro-EU camp has lost (or at least avoided) the argument on the benefits of Europe to such an extent that I no longer even know who is making that vital contribution at the upper political echelons. There is not many amongst Cameron, Clegg or Miliband’s ranks who would push for defence treaties beyond this one with just the French at this stage. David Cameron would no doubt need one of his somewhat absurd ‘sovereignty referendums’ if it went any further anyway.
So who could be in favour?
Well, I do not know the Green party position on this general area, if one even exists, but I would imagine that, with their peaceable nature, the Greens would be broadly in favour.
For the SNP, I would imagine that there are key advantages for Nationalists to be behind a single European defence force. It helps to nullify the ‘stronger together, weaker apart’ argument that all of its opposition parties delight in using. If the ‘together’ part of that phrase was Europe then it doesn’t matter if the ‘apart’ part is the UK or Scotland, as far as I can see.
A Europe talking together, working together, planning together and, where necessary, fighting together? All the while saving money to spend on schools, science and health? That’s real progress in my eyes, that’s Euro-topia and that, unbeknownst to the man or not, is the direction that David Cameron is now nudging us towards.
#1 by Jeff on November 4, 2010 - 3:46 pm
In a remarkable coincidence, speaking of Scandinavian superstates –
http://www.thelocal.se/29980/20101103/
#2 by Alasdair on November 4, 2010 - 4:02 pm
“A convergent military across Europe would no doubt count as a red line for the current Government but a thin one that could perhaps be broken through if the argument was strong enough.” – I suspect you might find this to be an insurmountable red line issue have more in common with the wall of china than some scrawny biro mark on some obscure document. We’re not even at the point of considering a joint UK French armed forces never mind a pan-european fighting force under a single EU command.
Having said this I am broadly in favour pan-european military alliances, and having given it some consideration, the notion of agreements over the use and sharing of hardware would seem to be a good way of ensuring a longer-lasting peace.
The question is, as you alluded to, where we might draw the line. As things stand at the minute a single european force is unthinkable and would be entirely untenable until such time as Europe could be considered as a single national-political entity. Clearly this is where the europhiles would like to see it go but we are some way off from that.
#3 by Jeff on November 4, 2010 - 9:10 pm
Alasdair, I daresay you are right about the insurmountableness of it all but it is interesting to draw comparisons with the (small c) conservative approach of pooling resources to save money with the very non-Conservative approach of a more integrated Europe, with the same policy.
I’m not sure if a single European army without a single European political entity is untenable, and we have a single European entity anyway. BUt, realistically, it’s not an issue and nor is it likely to be in the lifetime of this Parliament. Can be interesting to speculate though and, as I said before, it is a shame noone is pushing this harder, or indeed at all.
Where might we draw the line? It’s probably already been drawn….
#4 by Lost Highlander on November 4, 2010 - 8:11 pm
The first duty of any country is to see to the defence of that country.
After world war 1 the soldiers came home and that was to be the war that ends all wars it had been that terrible. There was peace in Europe and there would not be another war.
So the UK let defence slide and we where very weak by the time Hitler came to power and we have come so close to having been invaded. In 1940 the combined armies of France and the British Empire was defeated and if it had not been for Dunkirk and getting those trained soldiers back (without there equipment mostly) we would have lost the war. We also almost lost the war as the U boats almost starved us out in the siege that followed.
We are at peace in Europe at the moment but will this last Im sorry no one knows the future. We certainly need the ability to act in our interests and not just Frances or Europes idea of how we should act. France was not close to us in the Falklands and elements of the French military where actively against us when it came to Kosovo.
In an Independent Scotland we will need an Army, Navy & Airforce maybe under the auspices of a single combined defence force where a core of trained personel supported by reserves literally means that we can be ready for what the future brings.
#5 by Jeff on November 4, 2010 - 9:13 pm
Totally fair points LH. I may have a rose-tinted view of Europe just now but who knows what may happen and it is worth preparing for the worst. There may even be an argument that a shared army could accelerate a fall out amongst friendly European neighbours which is of course well worth considering, and avoiding.
#6 by Daniel on November 4, 2010 - 10:06 pm
One of my Professors wrote a book on this topic a while ago and yet was also very much a devotee of realpolitik.
If you look at some of our defence collaborations with Europe in the past and present (Eurofighter and A400M) they have been ridden with squabbling over capabilities and lead to higher than normal cost overruns. (even for defence projects.) Europe is a vastly different place to the past and you can reasonably say that we’re not going to be fighting France, Germany, Italy or Sweden anytime soon.
A European army would be well suited to providing protection for the Europe itself – although issues like the Falklands are difficult. What about our ability to defend the Falklands at the moment?
With 1 to 0 aircraft carriers it would be quite a difficult prospect should anyone have the will and ability to attack them.
I suppose what I’m saying is that in the big picture our defence capabilities have already diminished greatly and that perhaps a further degree of military integration would be beneficial and cheaper. (For example a European or Franco-British Nuclear deterrent)
#7 by Stuart Winton on November 5, 2010 - 1:56 am
So doesn’t your perspective on this underline the paradox of the Nationalist “independence in Europe” stance, Jeff?
Your proposal would represent a major step towards an EU superstate, which of course contradicts your stance on Scottish nationalism.
All of which recalls Malc’s post from a few weeks back asking if the SNP is now a ‘post-nationalist’ party ;0)
#8 by Malc on November 5, 2010 - 9:48 am
Indeed it does Stuart!
#9 by Jeff on November 5, 2010 - 8:03 am
Em, I don’t really have a stance on Scottish nationalism Stuart, though the longer I am exposed to certain prejudices down here in London, the stronger a supporter of the idea I am becoming.
Nonetheless, I don’t agree that there is a problem with pushing for a single Euro army while pushing for Scots independence. I reckon the two go very well together as a totally separate Scotland may struggle to defend its borders but as an equal partner in an EU force we’d be covered.
And anyway, countries much smaller than ours seem capable of getting by just fine either way.
#10 by Lost Highlander on November 5, 2010 - 4:14 pm
The nature of a European army is that it will be expensive compared to the same amount of national troops and unlike your own national forces the money you spend in its development may well not go into your own industries. Europe often uses the fudge of what you spend you get the equivalent back but that does not necassarily lead to the best equipment.
And there is the real difficulty that a purpose for this army has to be strictly defined. Is it the rapid reaction force mooted or is a force designed to defend Europe. A reaction force will be light equipment and will need airlift and the ability to move quickly into position. We could get away with deployment to this force of light troops like the Parachute regiments, the Marines etc
To defend Europe though is different this is a heavy mechanised hammer and in terms of soldiers a lot will be needed. And in terms of political necessity we are looking at wars with Eastern states with large ex soviet style armies.
#11 by Stuart Winton on November 6, 2010 - 12:51 am
“Em, I don’t really have a stance on Scottish nationalism Stuart…”
Indeed, Jeff, I forgot that you’re not really pro-independence, I think! But accept my apologies if I’ve misrepresented you.
Indeed, your post perhaps confirms that you’re a post-Nationalist rather than a Nationalist?!?
#12 by Steve of the Somerset diaspora on November 6, 2010 - 9:04 pm
And you get my vote for this as soon as we actually have a European Goverment actually elected by the people of Europe, and not a bunch of failed national party hacks as Commisioners, with their Brussels gravy-train rider escorts.
#13 by AB on November 8, 2010 - 1:00 pm
If there is broad agreement on the point of principle then perhaps two ‘easier’ solutions exist than creating a proper European Government and strong political settlement…
1) Take away America and Canada from NATO and you have a basis for a multilateral defence organisation (with unified command structure, albeit not sharing military hardware per se) without the need for stronger political position in EU. With the French and UK nuclear deterrent the USA doesn’t add anything other to the mix than pure scale (and a bit of friendly fire to keep people on their toes…)
2) The ‘Western European Union’ (WEU) already exists within the auspices, as far as I understand, of the EU. Perhaps this could be incrementally expanded in manpower and remit.
On another note, however, I would be concerned that due to realpolitik situations like the UN’s paralysis during the Rwandan genocide would repeat themselves without a response; the doctrine of ‘responsibility to protect’ such as Blair advocated (and acted on in sending military hardware to Sierra Leone) would be nullified by greater multilaterilsm.
#14 by Indy on November 8, 2010 - 3:34 pm
SNP policy:
“We reiterate the belief that Scotland and Europe’s collective security, as well as our international
obligations to peacekeeping and humanitarian
intervention, can best be met within the EU
framework. Scotland’s relationship with the other
countries of the British Isles and north-west Europe
will also remain important and the SNP looks forward
to Scotland developing closer defence ties with
these states as well.
· The SNP welcomes ongoing developments to strengthen the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) of the EU. We endorse the provisions set out in Article 17 of the Treaty of Nice intended to foster greater cooperation in international and security policy and the progressive framing of a common European
Security and Defence Policy. Within this framework
the SNP supports the creation of a European Rapid
Reaction Force. We believe that an Independent
Scotland should be ready to contribute to such a
force, provided that any action in which Scottish
armed forces are to be deployed would be subject to
the approval of the Scottish Parliament.
· The SNP will continue to develop its policy in these
domains with an eye to the developing role of both
the High Representative for the CFSP and the
Political and Security Committee of the EU, together
with its Military Structures.
· The SNP is mindful that EU policy in this area, like
the international environment, is constantly
evolving. As such, SNP policy will be periodically
reviewed to take these changes into account. Our
commitment to a nuclear free Scotland and Europe
remains absolute and this position will be reflected
in our attitude to the development of the Common
Foreign and Security Policy.